Structural and functional alterations of the heart in Parkinson's disease.

Parkinson's disease (PD) patients have most frequently heart failure. The cause of this increased prevalence is not known. We designed a study to assess the cardiac function and cardiac structure in patients with PD compared to a control group. METHODS: Cross-sectional study with 50 PD patients and 50 healthy matched controls. We performed electro and echocardiograms to all patients and controls. The measurements were blind. In addition, we performed a neurological assessment. RESULTS: PD patients had higher left ventricular mass index (114.2 ± 38.4 vs. 94.1 ± 26.4 g/m2; P = 0.003) and higher left atrial volume (30.1 ± 7.9 vs. 26.7 ± 6.2 ml/m2; P = 0.01). PD was an independent risk factor for elevated left ventricular filling pressures (OR = 2.7, CI 95% 2.2-6.3; P = 0.004). Concentric remodeling and left ventricular hypertrophy were associated with more advanced Hoehn and Yahr stages. Moreover, patients with more dysautonomia symptoms showed more left ventricular hypertrophy. Finally, PD group had longer QT interval than control group regardless of the drugs. CONCLUSIONS: PD is significantly associated with increased concentric left ventricular hypertrophy and diastolic dysfunction. Advanced stages of PD are associated with a more severe cardiac affection. These findings can explain the increase of heart failure in PD patients. Cardiomyopathy could be a non-motor parkinsonian symptom.

Trombosis de seno cavernoso causada por zigomicosis invasiva fulminante: A propósito de un caso / Cavernous sinus Thrombosis caused by fulminant invasive zygomycosis: A case report

Zygomycosis is an opportunistic fungal infection caused by fungi of the Mucorales order. It’s potentially lethal infection which generally affects diabetic or inmunocomprised patients. Cavernous sinus thrombosis is uncommon complication. We report the case of a 67 year old woman with invasive zycomycosis who present cranial nerves dysfunction (III, IV, VI, V1 and V2 branches of the trigeminal nerve), proptosis and retroorbital pain as initial manifestation. Brain magnetic resonance imaging evidence early indirect signs. Biopsy of the cavernous sinus revealed Rhizopus as the offending agent. A high index of suspicion is needed to correctly diagnose this condition for its optimal management.

La zigomicosis es una infección oportunista y potencialmente letal producida por hongos del orden Mucorales. Afecta a pacientes diabéticos e inmunocomprometidos. La trombosis del seno cavernoso es una complicación poco frecuente. Presentamos el caso de una paciente mujer de 67 años diagnosticada de zigomicosis invasiva que debutó con compromiso de pares craneales (III, IV, VI además de las ramas V1 y V2 del nervio trigémino), proptosis y dolor retroorbitario derecho. La resonancia magnética craneal, en fase aguda, mostró signos indirectos característicos. La biopsia de seno cavernoso confirmó la presencia de Rhizopus. Se precisa un alto índice de sospecha clínica que favorezca una intervención terapéutica precoz y agresiva.

Trastornos neurológicos desmielinizantes y vacunación del papilomavirus humano / Demyelinating disease and vaccination of the human papillomavirus

Introducción. La prevención primaria mediante la vacunación contra la mayor causa de cáncer de cérvix, el papilomavirus humano (VPH) tipos 16 y 18, es de amplia distribución mundial. Tras su aprobación, se han descrito efectos adversos neurológicos en estudios descriptivos y limitados por la dificultad de obtener la información, por lo que debe considerarse la infraestimación. Describimos los casos de cuatro mujeres jóvenes que desarrollaron enfermedades de características desmielinizantes tras la vacunación para VPH. Casos clínicos. Se describen en total seis episodios neurológicos tras la vacunación, con un rango de tiempo entre la administración de la dosis y el desarrollo de la clínica de cuatro días a un mes. Los diagnósticos fueron dos mielitis transversas, neuritis óptica y parálisis facial periférica, estos dos últimos recurrentes con las dosis vacunales sucesivas. En la evolución posterior, dos de los casos desarrollaron síntomas que llevaron al diagnóstico de esclerosis múltiple. Conclusiones. Previamente se habían descrito encefalitis, síndrome de Guillain-Barré, mielitis transversa o neuritis braquial, relacionados con la inmunización posvacunal, lo que sugería el desencadenamiento de un mecanismo inmunológico como base del evento desmielinizante, quizás en jóvenes predispuestas. Nuestros casos nos llevan a postular que, en ocasiones, la vacuna puede desencadenar complicaciones similares a la encefalomielitis posvacunal, y en otros puede precipitar un primer brote o desenmascarar una esclerosis múltiple latente. Destacamos la necesidad de describir episodios desmielinizantes tras la vacunación del VPH, teniendo en cuenta que la latencia puede ser de hasta 30 días, para caracterizar su perfil de riesgo (AU)

Introduction. Primary prevention by prophylactic vaccination against the major cause of cervical cancer, the carcinogenic human papillomavirus (HPV) types 16 and 18, is now available worldwide. Postlicensure adverse neurological effects have been described. The studies realized after the license are descriptive and limited by the difficulty to obtain the information, despite most of the statistical indexes show that the adverse effects by the vaccine of the HPV are not upper compared with other vaccines, the substimation must be considered. Case reports. We describe the cases of four young women that developed demyelinating disease after the vaccination of the HPV, with a rank of time between the administration of the dose and the development of the clinical of seven days to a month, with similar symptoms with the successive doses. We have described six episodes coinciding after the vaccination. Conclusions. Have been described seizures, autoimmune disorders such as Guillain-Barré syndrome, transverse myelitis, or motor neuron disease, probably adverse effects following immunization by HPV vaccine. So we suggest that vaccine may trigger an immunological mechanism leading to demyelinating events, perhaps in predisposed young (AU)

[Demyelinating disease and vaccination of the human papillomavirus]. / Trastornos neurológicos desmielinizantes y vacunación del papilomavirus humano.

INTRODUCTION: Primary prevention by prophylactic vaccination against the major cause of cervical cancer, the carcinogenic human papillomavirus (HPV) types 16 and 18, is now available worldwide. Postlicensure adverse neurological effects have been described. The studies realized after the license are descriptive and limited by the difficulty to obtain the information, despite most of the statistical indexes show that the adverse effects by the vaccine of the HPV are not upper compared with other vaccines, the substimation must be considered. CASE REPORTS: We describe the cases of four young women that developed demyelinating disease after the vaccination of the HPV, with a rank of time between the administration of the dose and the development of the clinical of seven days to a month, with similar symptoms with the successive doses. We have described six episodes coinciding after the vaccination. CONCLUSIONS: Have been described seizures, autoimmune disorders such as Guillain-Barre syndrome, transverse myelitis, or motor neuron disease, probably adverse effects following immunization by HPV vaccine. So we suggest that vaccine may trigger an immunological mechanism leading to demyelinating events, perhaps in predisposed young.

Hiponatremias recurrentes como inicio de un quiste de la bolsa de Rathke / No disponible

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